Inlay Resource Center (literature,Culture, Research & Development )
Introduction
Situation , the width and environment of Inlay
Inlay Lake is one of the main tourist attraction in Myanmar eand the most beautiful place in Asia with floating gardens, Floating markets, beautiful landscape and traditional cultivation on floating island. Other attractive scene is the boat rowing by leg and big horn-shaped fishing trap lakeInle is famous for its high historical cultured vale of PhaungDawOo Pagoda located at the heart of the Lake.Inlay Lake, the second largest island natural lake in Myanmar is situated in NyaunShwe Township, Taunggyi District in the southern part of the Shan State. It is rising to 884 m above sea level 20.93 km length and 4.8 km, maximum depth is 4 pm. The shape of the inlay lake is elliptical from tapering edges in the north and south. Direct use of the inlay lake is fishing, water gardening, transportation, electricity production and tourism. A large percentage of the whole country’s electricity supplies totally depend on Lawpita hydroelectricity plant, which relies on the lake water supply. The lake was formed 650million years ago and it was believe that human settlement started since 10 000 years ago.
Inlay Lake is one of the main tourist attraction in Myanmar eand the most beautiful place in Asia with floating gardens, Floating markets, beautiful landscape and traditional cultivation on floating island. Other attractive scene is the boat rowing by leg and big horn-shaped fishing trap lakeInle is famous for its high historical cultured vale of PhaungDawOo Pagoda located at the heart of the Lake.Inlay Lake, the second largest island natural lake in Myanmar is situated in NyaunShwe Township, Taunggyi District in the southern part of the Shan State. It is rising to 884 m above sea level 20.93 km length and 4.8 km, maximum depth is 4 pm. The shape of the inlay lake is elliptical from tapering edges in the north and south. Direct use of the inlay lake is fishing, water gardening, transportation, electricity production and tourism. A large percentage of the whole country’s electricity supplies totally depend on Lawpita hydroelectricity plant, which relies on the lake water supply. The lake was formed 650million years ago and it was believe that human settlement started since 10 000 years ago.
Background
In the township of Nyang Shwe Inle Lake, in situated on the southwest of Nyaung Shwe , in TaungGyi District in southern Shan State.On the east and west sides of Inle Lake, being beautified by the surrounding mountain ranges.On the east side of the Inle Lake ,There are TaungGyi Division and Hsehseim Division,on the west side of it Kalaw Division and on the north side it ,the TaungGyi Township and on the south ,PheKon Township. Besides the Inle Lake is larger than Kain Daw Gyi in Kachin state. But Inlay Lake is the second Largest Lake in Myanmar.
In the Lake ether are full of water running from the north to south the surface of the Lake is in the height of 2950 feet. above the sea level; it is very significant as a Lake among the mountains in Shan Plateau. Inle Lake was once twice the size of present Inle Lake and about the size of the place of Nyanung Shwe and Inle Lake combined.(It existed ad two seals in size than as it is now.
It usually rains in Inle June to November and average annual rainfall is 39.46 inches .The minimum temperature during the hottest month ,March is 36 degrees centigrade and the cold season of December is 2 degrees Centigrade.There are 16 streams from the east, one stream from the North and 12 streams from the west flowing into Inle Lake .Most of them are water felling from the higher mountains In Inle Lake is wide from the north ,at the beginning of the lake ,being Ai Htaung Gyi village ,Inn Oo village to Nampam village.Inlay Lake becomes smaller and smaller after when it flows from the place of Nampam village to the south ,and it is like as a stream.There are many various plantations on the both sides of the stream and there are also many mountains ranges on the east and west sides.When water of Inle Lake reaches the south part of the lake, It is called Beelu Chaung running into the Than Lwin River .There is 80 ft. wide in an average .
Average water surface of Inle Lake is about 7 ft in the depth. It usually rains in Inle Lake during the month of October average annual rainfall is 20 ft. and during the summer especially March, rainfall is about at least 12 ft in the depth.Around the Lake there forty one currents which are running into the Lake ,are expect many streams flowing into the Lake.
In the township of Nyang Shwe Inle Lake, in situated on the southwest of Nyaung Shwe , in TaungGyi District in southern Shan State.On the east and west sides of Inle Lake, being beautified by the surrounding mountain ranges.On the east side of the Inle Lake ,There are TaungGyi Division and Hsehseim Division,on the west side of it Kalaw Division and on the north side it ,the TaungGyi Township and on the south ,PheKon Township. Besides the Inle Lake is larger than Kain Daw Gyi in Kachin state. But Inlay Lake is the second Largest Lake in Myanmar.
In the Lake ether are full of water running from the north to south the surface of the Lake is in the height of 2950 feet. above the sea level; it is very significant as a Lake among the mountains in Shan Plateau. Inle Lake was once twice the size of present Inle Lake and about the size of the place of Nyanung Shwe and Inle Lake combined.(It existed ad two seals in size than as it is now.
It usually rains in Inle June to November and average annual rainfall is 39.46 inches .The minimum temperature during the hottest month ,March is 36 degrees centigrade and the cold season of December is 2 degrees Centigrade.There are 16 streams from the east, one stream from the North and 12 streams from the west flowing into Inle Lake .Most of them are water felling from the higher mountains In Inle Lake is wide from the north ,at the beginning of the lake ,being Ai Htaung Gyi village ,Inn Oo village to Nampam village.Inlay Lake becomes smaller and smaller after when it flows from the place of Nampam village to the south ,and it is like as a stream.There are many various plantations on the both sides of the stream and there are also many mountains ranges on the east and west sides.When water of Inle Lake reaches the south part of the lake, It is called Beelu Chaung running into the Than Lwin River .There is 80 ft. wide in an average .
Average water surface of Inle Lake is about 7 ft in the depth. It usually rains in Inle Lake during the month of October average annual rainfall is 20 ft. and during the summer especially March, rainfall is about at least 12 ft in the depth.Around the Lake there forty one currents which are running into the Lake ,are expect many streams flowing into the Lake.
Water condition
Pleasant weather condition is favorable for crop production in this area. The residents earned their living by cultivation of crops on floating gardens. The people living on the floating islands produce domestic waste, human sewages, debris, the waste of chemical compound of inorganic fertilizer, pesticides utilized in the agriculture farming on the floating islands. Inappropriate cultivation practices, deforestation, wetland and agriculture lands lead to unwanted erosion in hill side cultivation.Forest and bush are cleared, and wetlands are encroached to create for human settlement, livestock and agricultural purposes. Siltation is considered to be a major threat during the rainy season, when rain causes erosion of soil which has been subjected to forest fires in the dry season. So inlay Lake has been narrowing year by year because of soil erosion and siltation.Inlay lake was found to be abundant in aquatic plants, floating plants, water hyacinths, water lilies, submerged plants and algae blooms in and around the lake. This condition in the lake leads to eutrophic condition.The natural beauty of the lake attracts many tourists. Many hotels,resorts and restaurants have also been developed on the shore of the lake, which may cause an increase in the flow of the domestic effluent into the lake,which may cause an increase in the flow of the domestic effluent into the lake,Because of urbanization and floating islands.Inlay Lake is currently under stress mainly due to natural and human pressure such as deforestation and shifting cultivation in the watershed as well as high concentration of population,water pollution,eutrophication and decreasing biodiversity. Thus technical measures and survey are urgently required to check environmental degrading, to prevent erosion of the lake watershed, to converse the inlay lake and to ensure water enough to generate hydropower.
Pleasant weather condition is favorable for crop production in this area. The residents earned their living by cultivation of crops on floating gardens. The people living on the floating islands produce domestic waste, human sewages, debris, the waste of chemical compound of inorganic fertilizer, pesticides utilized in the agriculture farming on the floating islands. Inappropriate cultivation practices, deforestation, wetland and agriculture lands lead to unwanted erosion in hill side cultivation.Forest and bush are cleared, and wetlands are encroached to create for human settlement, livestock and agricultural purposes. Siltation is considered to be a major threat during the rainy season, when rain causes erosion of soil which has been subjected to forest fires in the dry season. So inlay Lake has been narrowing year by year because of soil erosion and siltation.Inlay lake was found to be abundant in aquatic plants, floating plants, water hyacinths, water lilies, submerged plants and algae blooms in and around the lake. This condition in the lake leads to eutrophic condition.The natural beauty of the lake attracts many tourists. Many hotels,resorts and restaurants have also been developed on the shore of the lake, which may cause an increase in the flow of the domestic effluent into the lake,which may cause an increase in the flow of the domestic effluent into the lake,Because of urbanization and floating islands.Inlay Lake is currently under stress mainly due to natural and human pressure such as deforestation and shifting cultivation in the watershed as well as high concentration of population,water pollution,eutrophication and decreasing biodiversity. Thus technical measures and survey are urgently required to check environmental degrading, to prevent erosion of the lake watershed, to converse the inlay lake and to ensure water enough to generate hydropower.
Topography
Inlay lake was formed at the low plain surrounded by high mountains. At the middle there is a flat land elongated from north to south forming a fertile land for agriculture.Streams flow into the lake from surrounding mountains, there are 29 streams and rivers of all sizes flowing into the lake.But only four major streams Nam let Chaung, Negya(Yebye) ChaungkalawChaung and Nan Pilu(Balu)Chaung are most important. The elevation ranged from 847 m at the lake surface and ranges 2043 m at the SingaungTaung. Eastern watershed was composed of steep slopes with dense vegetation cover compared with the west where the land is rather gentle slope and occupied by various agricultural lands. Shifting cultivation can be refound where hilly areas with steep slopes both side of the lake. It is obvious that if permanent agriculture could not be established, then shifting cultivation was the only way to support the livelihood in hilly region. |
Soil Type
Four types of soil are found in Inlay watershed, Aacrisol, Cambisol, Gleysol(e) and Gleyol(d) ,Fluvisol. Acrisol or red earth soil are the most domination soils of the whole watershed and the yellow soil occurs on lower slopes. These soils have a very deep profile having the texture varying sandy and silty to silty clay loan with good structure as well as drained and easy to plough; the soil reaction was slightyy acidic to neutral before but now pH ranging from 7.79 to 8.46 Iron and aluminum contents are considerably high while nitrogen and phosphorus are deficient.Yellow brownish soil (Cambisol-histic) dominated lowland and flat plain engulfed by mountains from the East and West .Mostly the area was un-forested or few natural forests largely occupied by cast agriculture land and pastures. Since the area has little vegetation cover throughout the year, soil disturbances are most likely to be happened such as rainfall induce and soil compaction in pasture lands which, in turns, increased soil and water losses from the surface . Gleysol (meadow alluvial soils) are found at the southern west regions where KalawChaung ,a major tributary to the , Formed alluvial soils across Aungban plain. The texture is silty clay loan and widely utilized for oilseeds such as agricultures, Sesame, sunflower as well as cereals. It has neutral SOIL reaction and is rich in available plant nutrients compare with other two soil types. |
Hydrology
The water surface area of the lake is about 100 km2 in wet season and 70 km2 in dry season .It now 11 km at the longest and 5 km at the wiedest .It used to have 36 mil(km) length and 8 mail(km) width with water surface area of 100 mile2 (forest Dept; Taunggyi) Nowadays ,the depth also reduced to 20 feet in monsoon and 12 feet in summer in 2006 and it could be much less by now. Streams flow into the lake from surrounding mmountains, four major streams are Nam let Chaung ,Negya (yebei) chaung and Nam pilu (balu)chanung. The rate of siltation from inflowing stream is 623,000 m3 /year, and clearing the natural vegetation for cultivation accelerates siltation (Ma 1996). Climate Inlay watershed received rain during monsoon season which last for five months from mid-may to mid-oct .The mean annual rainfall is about 1400 mm. Generall , rainfall was intense at the beginning and end of the season whilst there was an obvious drought period forming bimodal rainfall pattern. The surrounding highland areas received more rainfall than the valley due to differences in elevation range. The annual temperature ranges from 12.C in the summer. |
History of Inlay Lake
Short Biography of Author
Author
Name Sai Noom Khay
Nationality Myanmar
Race Shan/Intha
Age 27 years old
Work
Name of Org Ar Yone Thit Myanmar Social Workers Association
Position Founder and CEO
Email [email protected]
Phone +95 49230204 , 0973031467
Website www.sainoomkhay.tk
http://sainoomkhay.weebly.com
Copy Right by Sai Noom Khay
Nationality Myanmar
Race Shan/Intha
Age 27 years old
Work
Name of Org Ar Yone Thit Myanmar Social Workers Association
Position Founder and CEO
Email [email protected]
Phone +95 49230204 , 0973031467
Website www.sainoomkhay.tk
http://sainoomkhay.weebly.com
Copy Right by Sai Noom Khay
Interview with PaDaukMyae FM Radio
interview.mp3 | |
File Size: | 2655 kb |
File Type: | mp3 |